留学常见缩写¶
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CAS: Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies（录取确认信）
SCQF: Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework（苏格兰学分和资格框架）
NQF: National Qualifications Framework（国家资格框架）
QCF: Qualifications and Credit Framework（资格与学分框架）
UCAS: Universities and Colleges Admissions Service（英国大学与学院招生办公室）
CEFR: Common European Framework of Reference for Languages（欧洲语言共同参考框架）
B2: B2 level of the CEFR（CEFR的B2级别）
PTE: Pearson Test of English（英国培生英语考试）
Common clothing color abbreviations in English and Chinese:
BK: 黑色 (black)
NA: 藏蓝色 (navy blue)
WH: 白色 (white)
KA: 卡其色 (khaki)
BN: 棕色 (brown)
GN: 绿色 (green)
YE: 黄色 (yellow)
GY: 灰色 (grey)
PK: 粉色 (pink)
LPK: 浅粉色 (light pink)
BU: 蓝色 (blue)
LBU: 浅蓝色 (light blue)
RD: 红色 (red)
VT: 紫色 (violet)
BG: 米色 (beige)
PCM meaning in the context of renting in the UK:
PCM stands for "Per Calendar Month," which means the rent is calculated on a monthly basis, specifically based on the calendar month. It distinguishes from "Per Month," which could refer to a month starting from any date, not necessarily aligned with the calendar month.
Offer:
An offer refers to an invitation or an acceptance letter, specifically in the context of admission to a university or a job. In the UK, an offer letter is commonly known as an "Offer Letter" or "Offer of Admission." It is issued by universities or companies to inform individuals that they have been accepted. In the case of universities, an offer can be either conditional or unconditional, indicating the terms and conditions for enrollment. Upon receiving an offer, individuals may proceed to obtain a CAS (Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies) for university admissions. Offers from universities are typically sent via email as electronic documents.
CAS
CAS, short for Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies, is a confirmation electronic offer letter issued by universities in the UK. It is sent to students through the university's official email. The CAS letter contains a unique CAS number, which is a special electronic reference number issued by a sponsor (an educational institution based in the UK and registered on the sponsor list) to prospective students. This number is used for applying for a student visa in the UK. The CAS number is valid for six months, and each university has a limited number of CAS allocations. The CAS numbers are directly issued to the universities by the UK Border Agency (UKBA). Each student can have only one CAS number. Therefore, if you receive an offer, it is important to promptly request a CAS. After receiving the CAS, you should carefully review the information on it, including the correct amount of tuition fees. If there are any errors, you should contact the university immediately to request a replacement CAS.
UCAS
UCAS, which stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, is a public service organization that provides centralized admission services for all universities in the UK. The UK's admission process is different from many other countries, and most undergraduate degree courses at British universities require applications through UCAS. Basically, all undergraduate degree courses in the UK, including foundation programs, require applications through UCAS. Currently, the cultural and education sections of the British embassies and consulates in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu provide a complete set of UCAS application materials and information, which can be obtained free of charge.
Regarding application deadlines, every year on October 15th at 18:00 (UK time), there is a final deadline for submitting application forms for medicine, pharmacy, veterinary medicine/science, dentistry courses, as well as for the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford. It is important to note that after October 15th until January 15th of the following year at 18:00 (UK time), there is a final deadline for other courses and universities.
In the UK, students are allowed to apply to a maximum of five universities. It is not possible to apply to both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge simultaneously; you can only choose one of them. The application deadlines for these two universities are earlier than those of other universities. Most other universities will continue to accept applications until mid-January of the following year. Additionally, the deadline for art/design courses is usually in mid-March.
In the United Kingdom, students are allowed to apply to a maximum of five universities. It is not possible to apply to both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge simultaneously; you can only choose one of them. Additionally, the application deadlines for these two universities are earlier than those of other universities. Most other universities continue to accept applications until mid-January of the following year. However, it's important to note that the deadlines for art/design courses are in mid-March.
UCAS link：https://www.ucas.com/
UCAS
NQF, QCF, SCQF
The information provided primarily comes from the official introduction on the website of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Education Regulation Information Network for Overseas Studies. Due to historical and traditional reasons, there are significant regional differences in undergraduate education in the United Kingdom.
In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, after completing general secondary education, students undergo two years of A-Level (Advanced Level) study and examinations before entering undergraduate education. The undergraduate program typically lasts for three years and leads to a Bachelor's degree. In Scotland, after completing general secondary education, students undergo one year of study and obtain the Scottish Higher Certificate before entering undergraduate education. The undergraduate program in Scotland usually lasts for four years and leads to a Bachelor's degree.
In the UK, the duration of a Master's program is typically one year, while a Doctoral program lasts for three years.
The higher education qualifications and degrees in the UK are categorized into two systems based on regions. The Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (FHEQ) includes Level 6 for Ordinary Bachelor's degree, Honours Bachelor's degree, and equivalent qualifications, Level 7 for Master's degree and equivalent qualifications, and Level 8 for Doctoral degree and equivalent qualifications.
The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF) includes Level 9 for Ordinary Bachelor's degree and equivalent qualifications, Level 10 for Honours Bachelor's degree and equivalent qualifications, and Levels 11 and 12 for Master's and Doctoral degrees and equivalent qualifications.
NQF refers to the National Qualification Framework, which corresponds to different levels of academic degrees and is associated with different student visas.
QCF stands for Qualifications and Credits Framework, which relates to qualifications and credit levels.
SCQF refers to the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework, which relates to credits and qualifications in Scotland.
To summarize, NQF and QCF are part of the higher education qualifications system in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, while SCQF is the framework for credits and qualifications in Scotland.
The hierarchy of academic degrees in the UK higher education system corresponds as follows:
Level 4: Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) or Higher National Certificate (HNC)
Level 5: Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE) or Higher National Diploma (HND)
Level 6: Bachelor's degree (including Ordinary and Honours degrees)
Level 7: Master's degree (including Postgraduate Certificates and Postgraduate Diplomas)
Level 8: Doctoral degree (Ph.D. or DPhil)
It's important to note that these levels represent the general framework, and there may be variations and specific qualifications within each level depending on the field of study and institution.
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Tenth Life Miao Reminder: According to the requirements of the National Qualification Framework (NQF), in the UK, it is not allowed to repeat a course at the same academic level. Instead, you can only pursue a higher-level course. This means that if you hold a Tier 4 student visa in the UK and complete your undergraduate studies, you cannot continue to hold a Tier 4 visa for the same level of undergraduate course. Instead, you would need to progress to a Master's degree level. Similarly, it is generally not permitted to pursue two Master's degrees in the UK. For example, if you have already completed a Master's degree and returned to your home country, you cannot apply for another Master's degree in the UK. However, it is possible to apply for a second Master's degree when transitioning from a taught Master's to a research-focused Master's program. In such cases, you would need to provide reasons and meet the requirements of the UK universities when applying. There is one particular exception: after completing a Master's degree in the UK, you can apply to continue studying an MBA program at a UK university. An MBA is not strictly considered to be at the same level as a Master's degree.
IELTS
IELTS, which stands for International English Language Testing System, is an internationally recognized English language proficiency test. It was established in 1989 and is jointly managed by the British Council, Cambridge Assessment English, and IDP Education Australia. Cambridge Assessment English is responsible for the academic standards and test content, while IDP and the British Council organize the tests worldwide. IELTS offers two modules: the Academic module (for academic purposes) and the General Training module (for immigration and general professional purposes).
IELTS scores are accepted by many educational institutions in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, and other Commonwealth countries. They are increasingly recognized by educational institutions and professional organizations in the United States as well. IELTS scores are valid for two years.
On January 15, 2019, the Chinese Ministry of Education Testing Center and the British Council jointly released the "China's Standards of English Language Ability" and the results of the research on the correlation between the Chinese standards and the IELTS and PTE (Pearson Test of English) exams. According to the "China's Standards of English Language Ability," Level 4 corresponds to an IELTS score of 4.5, Level 5 corresponds to 5.5, Level 6 corresponds to 6, Level 7 corresponds to 7, and Level 8 corresponds to 8.
PTE
PTE, which stands for Pearson Test of English Academic, is a computer-based international academic English proficiency test developed by Pearson Education Group and recognized by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). Many universities abroad accept PTE Academic scores as an alternative to IELTS and TOEFL scores for assessing English language proficiency in an academic context.
CEFR，B1, B2
CEFR, which stands for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, is an internationally recognized standard for describing language proficiency levels. It provides a common reference for assessing and comparing language abilities across different languages and countries. The CEFR was established by the Council of Europe in 1990 to promote cooperation among language teachers in European countries.
Within the CEFR, B1 and B2 are language proficiency levels. B2 is equivalent to an IELTS score of 5.5 to 6.5, with a minimum score of 5 in each component (listening, speaking, reading, writing). When applying to universities in the UK, meeting the language requirements based on the CEFR is generally necessary. The basic requirement is to achieve a B2 level of language proficiency, while some universities may require a higher level, such as C1, which is equivalent to an IELTS score of 7 or 8.
