大学分类¶
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What are the classifications of universities in the UK? How many universities are there in the UK?
Universities in the UK are independent and autonomous institutions that do not belong to any government department and are not regulated by any department. They have the authority to admit students and recruit staff independently (within legal and regulatory limits, such as restrictions on the proportion of international students and tuition fee limits). To establish a recognized university in the UK, certain conditions must be met. First, it must receive a Royal Charter from the UK monarch. Second, it must have a Papal Bull and an Act of Parliament, and it must also be registered with the Privy Council of the UK. The UK government requires universities to meet these criteria in order to be eligible to award recognized degrees.
In terms of the classification of universities in the UK, each region has its own system. According to the latest information from the Education Internationalization Network on July 9, 2019: Due to historical and traditional reasons, undergraduate education in different parts of the UK varies significantly. For example, in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, after completing general secondary education, students undergo a 2-year A-Level study and examination, and then enter the undergraduate stage for a 3-year program, leading to a Bachelor's degree. In Scotland, after completing general secondary education, students undergo 1 year of study and obtain the Scottish Advanced Higher Certificate before entering the undergraduate stage, which is a 4-year program leading to a Bachelor's degree. The typical duration of a Master's degree in the UK is 1 year, while a Ph.D. program usually takes 3 years.
As of 2019, there were over 150 institutions in the UK that were authorized to confer various types of degrees. This means that there are more than 150 universities in the UK whose degrees are recognized in China and can be certified upon returning to China. Now, online certification is available, which is convenient and cheaper than before. However, there is no longer a physical version of the certification, only an electronic version.
Ten Sheng Meow reminds you that only UK universities listed on the Education Internationalization Network are recognized by China. These are the universities eligible for domestic academic credential recognition. This list does not include qualifications from third countries. Third-country qualifications refer to cases where you, as a Chinese national, study at a university in New Zealand but receive a degree from a UK or Australian university. Some of these diplomas may be eligible for certification, but the majority are still not recognized, meaning they cannot be certified. To view specific information, please refer to the Education Internationalization Network to see which third-country diplomas are recognized.
Of course, if you are not concerned about the recognition of your diploma in China, that's okay. What impact does the lack of academic credential recognition have? First, it may affect your ability to take civil service examinations or apply for positions in public institutions. Second, you may face limitations in registering for many professional qualifications because your officially recognized education level in China is considered to be the highest level you completed in China. For example, if you only completed high school education in China and did not pursue further studies, your education level in China would still be considered as high school.
The screenshot below shows the list of UK universities recognized by China. For the specific list, please click on the link provided.
：List of UK Universities Recognized by Chinese Authorities.
The classification of UK universities includes the following:
The G5 Group (the G5 Super Elite):
The G5 universities refer to the five super elite universities in the UK, namely the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, University College London, and the London School of Economics and Political Science. These universities are the top institutions in the UK and their status is not influenced by rankings. They are also known as the "Golden Brick Five." These universities represent the highest level of scientific research, academic quality, and economic strength in the UK.Red Brick Universities:
Red Brick Universities in the UK include the University of Birmingham, the University of Manchester, the University of Sheffield, the University of Leeds, the University of Bristol, and the University of Liverpool. These universities were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are named after six important industrial cities in England. They are six renowned universities that have received the royal charter. Red Brick Universities primarily focus on science and engineering disciplines and have a strong background in engineering. They played a significant role in the industrialization of the UK and are important members of the prestigious Russell Group of top UK universities.
The Ivy League of the UK: The Russell Group
The Russell Group was established in 1994 and consists of the top 24 world-class research universities in the UK. It is a prestigious alliance of universities that has produced the highest number of Nobel Prize laureates worldwide.
When the group was initially formed in 1994, it comprised 17 universities, which were:
：
伯明翰大学 University of Birmingham
布里斯托大学 University of Bristol
剑桥大学 University of Cambridge
爱丁堡大学 The University of Edinburgh
格拉斯哥大学 University of Glasgow
帝国理工学院Imperial College London
利兹大学 The University of Leeds
利物浦大学 University of Liverpool
伦敦政治经济学院 the London School of Economics and Political Science
曼彻斯特大学 The University of Manchester
纽卡斯尔大学 Newcastle University
诺丁汉大学 University of Nottingham
牛津大学 University of Oxford
谢菲尔德大学 The University of Sheffield
南安普顿大学 University of Southampton
伦敦大学学院 University College London
华威大学 The University of Warwick
The seven universities that joined afterward are：
1998：卡迪夫大学 Cardiff University
伦敦国王学院 King's College London
2006：贝尔法斯特女王大学 Queen's University Belfast
2012：杜伦大学 Durham University
埃克塞特大学 The University of Exeter
玛丽皇后学院 Queen Mary University of London
约克大学 University of York
Let's introduce the University of London separately:
The University of London, located in the capital city of the United Kingdom, London, is a federal university composed of several colleges and research institutions. It is also known as a "federal university" or "Public Federal University." The organizational structure of the University of London includes:
Five comprehensive research universities:
University College London
King's College London
Queen Mary University of London
Royal Holloway, University of London
City, University of London
Three institutes for humanities and social sciences:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Birkbeck, University of London
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Two business schools:
London Business School
Four medical schools:
The Institute of Cancer Research
Royal Veterinary College
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
St George's, University of London
Four arts colleges:
Goldsmiths, University of London
Royal Academy of Music
Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
Courtauld Institute of Art
Please note that this information is based on the provided text and may not include all the constituent institutions of the University of London.